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Una enorme bola de plasma y su campo magnético, expulsados por el Sol, impactarán la Tierra el jueves por la mañana, lo que podría desencadenar espectaculares auroras boreales, según informaron meteorólogos estadounidenses.
El fenómeno se produce mientras el Sol se acerca al punto álgido de su ciclo de 11 años, una etapa de mayor actividad solar. En mayo, el planeta experimentó sus tormentas geomagnéticas más intensas en dos décadas, que generaron coloridos espectáculos nocturnos visibles incluso lejos de los polos.
Shawn Dahl, del Centro de Predicción Meteorológica Espacial de Estados Unidos, informó que la eyección de masa coronal (CME) podría llegar entre la mañana y el mediodía del jueves, hora del Este, y prolongarse hasta el día siguiente. Con una velocidad de 4 millones de kilómetros por hora, este evento ha activado una vigilancia de tormenta geomagnética de nivel 4 (G4), solo un nivel por debajo del máximo posible, G5, que fue registrado en mayo.
Dahl explicó que las predicciones más precisas no se podrán hacer hasta unos 15 o 30 minutos antes del impacto, cuando el fenómeno cruce los satélites de seguimiento. Además, la Agencia Federal para la Gestión de Emergencias (FEMA), actualmente ocupada por las secuelas del huracán Helene y la amenaza del huracán Milton, ya ha sido informada, al igual que las empresas que gestionan la red eléctrica estadounidense, para tomar medidas preventivas en caso necesario.
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Cuando las CME chocan contra la magnetosfera de la Tierra, pueden crear tormentas geomagnéticas que afectan a los satélites, las señales de radio y los sistemas GPS.
Los expertos han señalado que las auroras serán visibles lejos de las luces de las ciudades, en cielos oscuros, y podrían observarse tan al sur como el norte de California o Alabama.
Recomiendan el uso de cámaras o teléfonos móviles para capturar el fenómeno, ya que las imágenes digitales pueden captar las auroras incluso cuando no son visibles a simple vista.
Las tormentas solares, aunque impresionantes y capaces de generar auroras boreales, pueden tener efectos en nuestra tecnología. Sin embargo, para la mayoría de nosotros, las medidas a tomar son bastante limitadas y se centran principalmente en la prevención y la información.
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