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Juanita Gempeler, codirectora de Equilibrio, entidad colombiana que lleva más de 25 años tratando a pacientes con trastornos de la conducta alimentaria, habló en entrevista con Mañanas Blu acerca de la anorexia y la bulimia, así como de los signos de alarma que permiten un tratamiento temprano en niños.
De acuerdo con la experta, la anorexia, bulimia y los atracones de alimentación son los trastornos más conocidos. La experta Juanita Gempeler explicó en qué consisten cada uno.
"Los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria, no incluyan la obesidad, Esta tiene una cantidad de variables psicológicas, pero no está incluido. En la clasificación sí están incluidos la anorexia, en el cual la persona deja de comer o empieza a restringir de forma muy selectiva o que comen y empieza entonces a perder peso de forma significativa. Además esto va con una sensación de que el cuerpo es más grande y más gordo, lo que se llama la distorsión de imagen corporal.
En cuanto a la bulimia, Gempeler explicó que se trata de limitaciones en la alimentación, que después se desbordan en un consumo excesivo.
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"También está la bulimia, en que la persona oscila entre comer muy poco y luego excederse en lo que come. Después de eso, tratar de vomitar, laxarse o usar enemas o ejercicio para tratar de salir de las calorías que consumió
Finalmente, la experta se refirió a los 'atracones', que es el trastorno más común entre hombres latinos. "Otro es el trastorno para atracones de alimentación. Ahí viene una cuña importante para los latinos, es el trastorno alimentación más común en hombres latinos.
De acuerdo con Gempeler, las dietas son una puerta de entrada a los trastornos alimenticios y la anorexia es la enfermedad mental con mayor mortalidad.
"La anorexia es la enfermedad mental con mayor mortalidad. Los huesos de un niño de 11 o 12 años con anorexia pueden ser los mismos que de una mujer menopáusica de 70. Sufren los huesos, sufren los músculos, el corazón. Se pueden morir porque no tiene el corazón la fuerza para poder latir", indicó Gempeler.
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