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Este alarmante aumento, que refleja una crisis que se agrava debido a conflictos, el cambio climático y la desigualdad global, ha llevado a que varios países enfrenten niveles críticos de desnutrición . De los afectados, 1,9 millones están al borde de una situación extrema en regiones como Gaza, Sudán y Haití.
El informe del PMA subraya que, en América Latina y el Caribe, 40,8 millones de personas se encuentran en situación de inseguridad alimentaria, con 14,2 millones requiriendo asistencia urgente. La situación también se ha complicado por la violencia contra los trabajadores humanitarios, los conflictos políticos y los fenómenos climáticos extremos. Para 2025, el PMA estima que necesitará 16.900 millones de dólares para asistir a las personas más vulnerables.
En Colombia, aunque la cifra de personas afectadas por inseguridad alimentaria ha disminuido de 15 a 13 millones en 2023, la mitad de los hogares sigue siendo vulnerable ante los efectos de los cambios climáticos y la variabilidad de los precios de los alimentos.
Según cifras del INS en la semana epidemiológica 46 de 2024, Colombia notificó un total de 212 muertes probables por desnutrición aguda en menores de cinco años, de las cuales 148 fueron confirmadas, 19 descartadas y 45 permanecen en estudio. Esto representa una tasa de mortalidad de 4.07 por cada 100.000 menores de cinco años. Esta cifra muestra una disminución respecto al mismo periodo de 2023, cuando se registraron 265 casos confirmados y una tasa de mortalidad de 7.16 por cada 100.000, lo que refleja una mejora en la situación epidemiológica.
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Comparando con los datos históricos de los últimos siete años, se observan variaciones significativas en el número de muertes probables en departamentos como Antioquia, Chocó , Sucre, Bolívar, Cesar, Casanare, La Guajira y Cundinamarca. A nivel municipal, los casos se concentraron en localidades como Bojayá, Tadó, Ciénaga, Riosucio y Maicao, lo que indica un patrón de afectación en ciertas zonas del país.
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