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Los cuadros vivos de Galeras, Colombia, una tradición en la que los habitantes recrean inmóviles durante horas escenas artísticas como si estuviesen detenidos en el tiempo, fueron declarados este miércoles Patrimonio Inmaterial de la Humanidad por la Unesco.
La Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Educación, la Ciencia y la Cultura (Unesco) realizó el anuncio en la red social X.
A inicios de cada año, los habitantes de este municipio caribeño del departamento de Sucre (norte) convierten sus calles en un teatro a cielo abierto con representaciones actorales de escenas que se asemejan a un cuadro.
Los protagonistas, con pinturas corporales y vestimentas coloridas, permanecen inmóviles durante dos horas representando personajes, actividades cotidianas y las tradiciones, según una reseña del Ministerio de Cultura.
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Los cuadros vivos generalmente se realizan en enero, pero también en fechas especiales como la Semana Santa .
La práctica se ha mantenido por décadas. Desde los niños hasta los ancianos convierten parajes del pueblo y las fachadas de sus casas en lienzos tridimensionales similares al escenario de un teatro, armados de forma artesanal y muchas veces con materiales reciclados.
De una manera "pacífica" crean "representaciones vivas de temas políticos, ambientales, culturales y sociales de Colombia y el mundo entero", explica la Unesco en su sitio web.
El origen de los cuadros vivos no es claro.
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Un documento del Ministerio de Cultura señala que la "versión más fuerte" es que "fue introducido durante la segunda mitad del siglo XIX como práctica de la religión católica para evangelizar, a través de la imagen, a las comunidades agrarias iletradas asentadas en estos territorios".
El texto oficial asegura que la práctica articula "las expresiones escénicas del catolicismo europeo con las tradiciones teatrales precolombinas".
Galeras está ubicado en La Mojana, una región famosa por sus tierras fértiles y óptimas para la ganadería, por lo que fue desde muy temprano un punto clave de la colonización española.
La Unesco anunció su decisión de incluirla en el listado de patrimonio inmaterial durante la sesión del Comité Intergubernamental para la Salvaguardia del Patrimonio Cultural Inmaterial, que se realiza desde el lunes en Asunción.
Las calles de Galeras también se llenan de comparsas y desfiles ambientados con música de gaita, un tradicional instrumento de viento de la costa del Caribe de origen indígena fabricado con la madera de un cactus.
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