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En un estudio, realizado por científicos de América Latina, en el que participaron la Asociación Colombiana de Infectología y la Universidad Nacional, se verificó la posibilidad de contagio porCOVID 19 en el transporte público.
De acuerdo con la investigación, las superficies comunes, el contacto con gotitas respiratorias entre las personas, la inhalación de aerosoles con gotitas de núcleo del virus, son algunos de los riesgos de contagio en los sistemas de transporte.
El estudio tuvo en cuenta cinco medios de transportes público en el país. El de los buses intermunicipales, se llevó la peor parte:
1. Buses intermunicipales: especialmente en climas cálidos tiene un alto riesgo de contagios ya que la circulación de aire es insuficiente y solo tiene un 20% de renovación de este. El largo tiempo de viaje y el contacto estrecho representan el mayor riesgo de contagio, además de su capacidad de "transportar el virus" entre municipios.
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2. Buses de transporte público urbano: a pesar de tener claraboyas, tienen un tiempo de renovación de unos 20 minutos o tres veces en una hora. Sus viajes son relativamente cortos (20 minutos). Es fundamental utilizar mecanismos auxiliares de circulación de aire y una renovación de aire suficiente podría ayudar a aumentar la ocupación.
3. Tranvía de Medellín: tiene aire acondicionado y su aire recircula un 66%, se renueva un 33% (constante de tiempo por determinar). Los viajes tienen una duración de 10 minutos por lo que disminuye el riesgo de contagio.
4. TransMilenio: la ventilación de un autobús estándar de Bogotá con las ventanas abiertas no generaría un mayor riesgo ya que su tasa de renovación de aire es de 4 veces cada hora. Se renueva cada 15 minutos, algunos vehículos tienen un sistema más eficiente que renueva el aire unas 6 veces en una hora.
5. Metro de Medellín: no tiene aire acondicionado y el aire se renueva con un constante de tiempo de tres minutos y 30 segundos. También se renueva el aire al menos 16,5 veces cada hora y los viajes tienen una duración media de 15 minutos por lo que el riesgo de contagio es bajo.
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De igual forma, el estudio recomienda que en el transporte público se debe mantener el tapabocas y evitar hablar ya que eso propicia que partículas infecciosas viajen con más velocidad.
Vea aquí el informe:
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