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La Corte Constitucional declaró la exequibilidad condicionada de varias disposiciones del artículo 1080 del Código Civil, relacionadas con el otorgamiento de testamentos cerrados, con el fin de garantizar la inclusión y participación de personas con discapacidad en estos actos jurídicos.
La decisión de la Corte establece que las solemnidades exigidas para la elaboración de testamentos cerrados no pueden ser un obstáculo para que las personas con discapacidad otorguen este tipo de actos.
Además, tampoco se debe impedir que personas con discapacidad visual o auditiva puedan actuar como testigos o notarios en estos procedimientos.
La sentencia responde a una demanda que cuestionaba la constitucionalidad de expresiones como “declarando de viva voz” y “los mudos podrán hacer esta declaración, escribiéndola a presencia del notario y los testigos”, al considerarse que estas disposiciones podía resultar discriminatorias y contrarias a la Convención sobre los Derechos de las Personas con Discapacidad.
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La Corte determinó que las personas con discapacidad podrán hacer uso de ajustes razonables y apoyos necesarios para expresar su voluntad en un testamento cerrado, además, reconoció que las personas con discapacidad visual o auditiva pueden ejercer funciones como notarios o testigos siempre y cuando existan medios adecuados para garantizar la comprensión de la voluntad del testador.
Esta decisión se enmarca en un modelo social de discapacidad que busca eliminar barreras institucionales y sociales que impiden el ejercicio pleno de derechos fundamentales, incluso, el alto tribunal resaltó que la normativa debe adaptarse para promover la inclusión y participación equitativa de todas las personas, independientemente de sus condiciones físicas o sensoriales.
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